Selective leaching of arsenic and antimony from a tetrahedrite rich complex sulphide concentrate using alkaline sulphide solution

Removal of impurity elements in copper metallurgy is one of the major problems encountered today since pure copper ore reserves are becoming exhausted and the resources of unexploited ores often contain relatively high amounts of impurity elements like antimony, arsenic, mercury and bismuth, which need to be eliminated. The present work is aimed at pre-treating a tetrahedrite rich complex sulphide concentrate by selective dissolution of the impurities, therefore, upgrading it for pyrometallurgical processing. To accomplish this, dissolution of antimony and arsenic by an alkaline sulphide lixiviant from the concentrate were investigated. The lixiviant proved selective and effective to dissolve these impurity elements from the concentrate with good recoveries. Further investigations on the factors influencing the leaching efficiency of the lixiviant were studied. The parameters considered were sulphide ion and hydroxide ion concentrations, mineral particle size, reaction temperature and leaching time. Analysis of the leach residue indicates that copper content of tetrahedrite has transformed into copper sulphides with the average chemical formula Cu1.64S. The grade and economic value of the concentrate were improved greatly after sulphide treatment, and therefore, suitable as a feedstock for smelting. The impurities have been reduced to low levels which are tolerable in the smelting furnace and consequently reduce both the treatment and environmental problem encountered when such concentrate is processed pyrometallurgically.

Figure optionsDownload as PowerPoint slideResearch highlights
► Sb and As were selectively dissolved from a tetrahedrite rich complex sulphide concentrate by alkaline sulphide lixiviant.
► Extraction of arsenic and antimony strongly depend on sulphide ion concentration, reaction temperature and leaching time.
► A strong alkaline environment is needed to increase the leaching efficiency of the sulphide lixiviant.
► After alkaline sulphide leaching, copper content of tetrahedrite transformed to copper sulphides with the average chemical formula Cu1.64S.
► Grade and economic value of the concentrate were considerably improved after leaching.