Electrodialytic remediation of copper mine tailings: Comparing different operational conditions

This work compares and evaluates sixteen electrodialytic laboratory remediation experiments on copper mine tailings. Different parameters were analyzed, such as remediation time, voltage drop, addition of desorbing agents, and the use of pulsed electrical fields. The results show that electric current could remove copper from watery tailings slowly. With addition of sulphuric acid, the process was improved due to a pH decrease from 6.7 to around 4, and the copper by this reason was released in the solution. Moreover, with citric acid addition the process was further improved due to a formation of copper citrate complexes. Using pulsed electric fields the remediation process with sulphuric acid addition was also improved by a decrease in the polarization cell.Main results: considering remediation with watery tailing as the base line, for three weeks experiments no copper removal was observed, adding sulphuric acid total copper removal reached 39%. Adding citric acid, total copper removal was improved in terms of remediation time: after 5 h experiment copper removal was 16% instead of 9% obtained after 72 h with sulphuric acid addition. Using pulsed electric fields total copper removal was also improved: for 72 h experiment the total copper removal was doubled (from 9% to 19%) compared to DC electric fields.