The ecology of nematode-trapping hyphomycetes in cattle dung from three plateau pastures

This paper investigated the influence of season and altitude on the occurrence of nematode-trapping fungi in cattle faeces. Six hundred and sixty samples of cattle faeces deposited on three plateau pastures with different altitudes in the west of Yunnan Province, China, were examined in 2004. A total of 17 species of nematode-trapping hyphomycetes were isolated from these samples. The predominant species from all three plateau pastures were Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. musiformis, Monacrosporium ellipsosporum, and M. thaumasium. Species with adhesive networks were the most frequently isolated. Overall, species diversity index was negatively correlated with altitude and was different among seasons within the same site. Levels of diversity were highest in the summer, followed by autumn, spring, and winter. The conidia of the hyphomycetes isolated here germinated normally on medium containing cattle faeces, with species developing adhesive networks having the highest rate of germination. However, the rate of conidial trap (CT) formation was lower in species with adhesive networks than those in other species.