A novel use of methylene blue as a pharmacological tool

IntroductionA new use of methylene blue as an ulcerogenic agent and the mechanisms involved were identified with an objective to exploit methylene blue as a pharmacological tool to study investigational antiulcer agents.MethodsUlcerogenic potential was assessed using electron microscopy and measurement of an ulcer index after administering methylene blue (5–125 mg kg− 1, p.o.) or absolute ethanol (99%v/v, 2 ml, p.o.) to fasted rats. Estimation of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, superoxide dismutase, reduced glutathione and catalase was used to assess oxidative stress. H+/K+ ATPase activity, gastric mucosal blood flow and gastric acid secretion were measured to study the mechanism of methylene induced gastric ulcer.ResultsMethylene blue (100 mg kg− 1, p.o.) produced marked ulceration of the gastric mucosa due to increased levels of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances, activities of the H+/K+ ATPase and superoxide dismutase, and decreased blood flow to the gastric mucosa, activity of catalase combined with reduced glutathione levels.DiscussionIt may be concluded that methylene blue activates the H+/K+ ATPase to increase gastric acid secretion and reduces blood supply to gastric mucosa to produce oxidative stress that subsequently causes ulceration of gastric mucosa. Methylene blue can be used as an ulcerogenic agent to study mechanisms of investigational antiulcer agents.