Determination of toxic perilla ketone, secondary plant metabolites and antioxidative capacity in five Perilla frutescens L. varieties

Perilla frutescens L. is a traditional Asian crop with multiple uses. Several varieties exist but only little data is available about the content of the toxic perilla ketone and secondary plant metabolites of those genotypes. To estimate the nutritional value of this new vegetable more information about those components is necessary.We investigated five genotypes of P. frutescens L. to determine their content of PK, phenolics, carotenoids and AC. AC was examined using ABTS-decolorization assay and lipid peroxidation assay. Carotenoids were identified and quantified by HPLC analysis, phenolics were quantified by means of Folin–Ciocalteu and PK was identified by GC/MS.Two genotypes were found to contain PK, a potent lung toxin, and are therefore not suitable for consumption. The phenolic content and corresponding antioxidative capacity of all genotypes is considerably high compared to other vegetables. All genotypes moreover contain notably high concentrations of carotenoids with contents up to fivefold higher than in other carotenoid rich vegetables. The results indicate that there are several genotypes which are not suitable for consumption due to their content of PK. However PK free genotypes are rich sources of natural antioxidants, and may therefore be considered as a novel vegetable with health promoting properties.