کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
2591599 1131818 2011 10 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
The negative side of retinoic acid receptors
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم زیستی و بیوفناوری علوم محیط زیست بهداشت، سم شناسی و جهش زایی
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
The negative side of retinoic acid receptors
چکیده انگلیسی

This is a review of research that supports a hypothesis regarding early restriction of gene expression in the vertebrate embryo. We hypothesize that vertebrate retinoic acid receptors (RARs for several vertebrates but rars for zebrafish) are part of an embryonic, epigenetic switch whose default position, at the time of fertilization is "OFF". This is due to the assemblage of a rar-corepressor-histone deacetylase complex on retinoic acid response elements (RAREs) in regulatory regions of a subset of genes. In addition, selective and precise allocation of retinoic acid during early development through the interaction of Phase I enzymes throws the switch "ON" in a predictable, developmental manner. We are proposing that this is a basic, early embryonic switch that can cause the initiation of cascades of gene expression that are responsible for at least some early, diversification of cell phenotypes. Dehydrogenases and a subset of cytochrome p450 genes (cyp26a1, cyp26b1, and cyp26c1) play the major role in providing the retinoic acid and limiting its access. We also suggest that this mechanism may be playing a significant role in the repression of genes in undifferentiated stem cells.


► We hypothesize that retinoic acid receptors are part of an embryonic, epigenetic switch.
► This switch is based upon the two different forms of the retinoic acid receptor, with and without retinoic acid ligand.
► Zebrafish is used to model this hypothesis.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Neurotoxicology and Teratology - Volume 33, Issue 6, November–December 2011, Pages 631–640
نویسندگان
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