Capture of bacteria by flexible carbon nanotubes

Capture of bacteria with flexible carbon nanotubes (CNTs) was done in vitro. Bundles of single-walled carbon nanotubes (SWCNTs) or multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) was mixed with Streptococcus mutans. Precipitation assays and colony-forming unit formation assays showed free S. mutans in the solution was significantly decreased by the addition of the CNTs. Observation of the precipitate by scanning electron microscopy showed bacterial adhesion to CNTs. It has been shown that CNTs of different diameters have significantly different effects on the precipitation efficiency, and the manners in which they capture the cells are different. We found that MWCNTs (diameter of approximately 30 nm) had the highest precipitation efficiency, which was attributable to both their adequate dispersibility and aggregation activity. From observations by scanning electron microscopy, bundles of SWCNTs and thin MWCNTs (diameter of approximately 30 nm), which were moderately flexible, were easily wound around the curved surface of S. mutans. Bare CNTs having high adhesive ability could be useful as biomaterials, e.g., as tools for the elimination of oral pathogens at the nano-level.