Ventilation and ventilators in the ICU: What every intensivist must know

SummaryIn the past two decades, important advances have revolutionized the world of mechanical ventilation. A huge volume of research has changed the approach to patients with respiratory failure from high tidal volumes and low PEEP, to a more gentle approach that understands the background of lung pathology and tries to avoid aggravating it. Lung-protective strategies have become a standard part of most intensive care unit ventilation policies. Advances in technology have led to the introduction of newer ventilators and ventilatory modes that respond to changes in patient physiology and patient demand, and promise to provide a more intelligent method of patient care. This article is intended to provide a brief review of the science behind mechanical ventilation as it stands today.