Règles de réhydratation et de jeûne périopératoires chez l'enfant

In newborns, the perioperative fluid infusion must take into account the specificities of renal physiology such as a decrease in the ability of sodium excretion and urine concentration. In addition, anti-diuretic hormone secretion is increased in the perioperative setting. Whatever the amount of fluid administered, a limited use of hypotonic saline solution is required and isotonic solutions such as Ringer, Hartmann, and isotonic saline solutions must be favored. Hyponatremia may indeed occur and may lead to cerebral edema. Preoperative fasting of fluids could be reduced to 2 h before surgery and the postoperative delay of oral intake should be shortened as much as possible.