Epidemiology of early-onset bloodstream infection and implications for treatment

For pneumonia and BSIs, health care-associated infections appear to be distinct entities. However, operational definitions still vary. Compared with hospital-acquired cases, health care-associated cases have different clinical characteristics. The outcomes of health care-associated infections tend to be intermediate of the community-acquired and hospital-acquired groups. Further research is urgently needed on the implications of health care-associated infection for early therapy.