Self-Management and Support in Chronic Pain Subgroups: Integrative Review

Self-management (SM) and self-management support (SMS) programs are being implemented to help address the epidemic of chronic pain. This integrative review evaluated the outcomes in chronic pain subgroups and described barriers and facilitators to SM and SMS. Overall, outcomes on SM behaviors, self-efficacy, and self-confidence were improved. Barriers and facilitators included treatment, personal, mental health, social, and organizational aspects. Although further research is necessary, the role of nurse practitioners in collaborating and leading multimodal biopsychosocial management with comprehensive SM and SMS components are highlighted to advance chronic pain management toward improved outcomes and decreased health care costs.