Phosphatase alcaline intestinale : une enzyme très protectrice par ses propriétés anti-inflammatoires puissantes

Intestinal alkaline phosphatase (IAP) has a well-established function in LPS detoxification and the control of intestinal inflammation. Recent findings extend the role of IAP to new bacterial products (flagellin, DNA CpG motifs) and various free nucleotides. IAP is directly involved in tissue resolution of inflammation. IAP indirectly contributes to improving gut barrier function and shaping the microbiota. Defaults in IAP may be causally implicated in various gut inflammatory diseases. Conversely, increased alkaline phosphatase activity in the colon is synonymous with inflammation, because this partly reflects colonic infiltration with neutrophils that express the tissue non-specific alkaline phosphatase isoform (TNAP). Administration of exogenous IAP systematically reduces intestinal and/or systemic inflammation (depending on administration way), including in man. To conclude, IAP plays a major role in intestinal homeostasis and in the preservation of our health. The actual capacity of our diets to limit toxic bacterial products in the digestive tract and to maximize IAP activity remains to be explored.