« Calories » et obésité : quantité ou qualité ?

Although genetics play a role, the increased obesity prevalence in the world population suggests the major contribution of the environmental factors in this public health problem. Without denying the deleterious effects of the sedentary behaviors, the caloric intake has recently been considered a key element in the body weight evolution of the modern societies. The role of the macronutrients in the energy balance regulation is, however, still in debate. Because of their high energy density, palatability and weak adaptative capacity to increase their own oxidation, lipids promote a positive energy balance. However, they cannot explain by themselves the recent increase in obesity prevalence and other factors, such as free sugar, contribute to the impact of diet on obesity. Nevertheless, the public recommendations promoting low fat intake appear appropriate to prevent body weight gain and the development of chronic diseases. Finally, it is important to note that the feeding behavior not only results from the diet but also from individual and environmental factors.