Potentiel des polyphénols à améliorer la protection vasculaire en stimulant la fonction endothéliale

Epidemiological studies have revealed an inverse relationship between the risk of cardiovascular mortality and morbidity and the consumption of polyphenol-rich products such as fruits, vegetables, red wine, cocoa and tea. The beneficial effect of polyphenols on the cardiovascular system has been attributable at least in part to their direct effect on blood vessels, and in particular on the endothelium. Indeed, experimental and clinical studies have indicated that polyphenols can increase the formation of endothelial vasoprotective factors and in particular nitric oxide (NO), a potent vasodilator and inhibitor of pro-inflammatory and pro-thrombotic responses, and improve endothelial dysfunction and vascular oxidative stress associated with cardiovascular diseases. The present review will provide both experimental and clinical evidences indicating that polyphenols and polyphenol-rich sources are able to improve the endothelial function and characterize the underlying mechanisms.