Protéines du choc thermique inductibles dans l'épithélium intestinal : propriétés protectrices et modulation par le microbiote et des facteurs alimentaires

The dialog between our food, the gut and its microbiota is central to many chronic inflammatory diseases. The gut bears two vital functions - absorption of nutrients and barrier - alterations of the latter being often involved in various inflammatory diseases. In this context, it is important to reconsider the natural defense mechanisms of gut epithelial cells such as inducible heat shock proteins (iHSP). iHSPs protect the epithelium from inflammatory and oxidant stress while inflammation inhibits them. A default in the production of regulatory (T-reg) immune cells specific for a conserved HSP peptide could be at the origin of the uncontrolled development of inflammation. This review focuses on gut iHSPs as targets of microbial and dietary compounds and on inflammatory diseases involving disturbances in iHSPs. The research perspectives on this topic include a better identification of influential bacteria and their bioactive molecules as well as food components essential to this protective stimulation.