Caractérisation du potentiel lipotropique des produits alimentaires d'origine végétale

Lipotropes limit excessive hepatic triglyceride contents. Yet, whereas hepatic steatosis concerns several millions people worldwide, the lipotropic potential of foods has never been studied. The objective of this work has been to characterize and quantify the lipotropic potential of plant-based foods from lipotrope contents found in literature and nutritional tables. Thus, 132 plant-based foods and eight lipotropes (betaine, choline, myo-inositol, methionine, niacin, pantothenic acid, folates and magnesium) have been selected. Main results showed that vegetables are the best source of lipotropes on a 100 kcal-basis and that plant-based foods are a more diversified source - but complementary - of lipotropes compared to animal-based products. We then expressed the lipotropic potential into a new index, the lipotropic capacity (LC) that integrates the sum of the eight lipotropic densities relative to a reference food. Technological processes reduce plant-based foods lipotropic potential by around 20 %: while refining is the most drastic treatment, fermentations have little effect, and may even tend to increase lipotrope densities. Then, we evaluated that our consumption in betaine, choline and myo-inositol may be increased. On a one euro-basis, grains products (i.e. cereals, and leguminous and oleaginous seeds) are the best compromise between a high LC and a cheap supply in lipotropes. However, it remains indispensable to carry out studies in humans to relate LC and prevalence of hepatic steatosis.