Optimizing the Use of State Prescription Drug Monitoring Programs for Public Safety

State prescription drug monitoring programs (PMPs), which collect and distribute data on prescription controlled substances dispensed in a state, are tools to curb prescription drug abuse. The programs help identify prescription misuse and abuse, detect diversion of controlled substances, and facilitate access to medication for treatment. Health care professionals, such as the advanced practice registered nurse, may incorporate PMP data into the clinical setting as a tool for educated decision making and monitoring. State officials seek to transform PMPs into more effective health care information delivery tools by implementing five key operational practices: real-time dispenser reporting to PMPs, interstate sharing of PMP data, expanded access to PMP data by health care professionals, integration of PMP data into electronic health systems, and distribution of proactive alerts to health care professionals. As policy makers strive to optimize PMP use, they must also ensure stable, long-term funding for the programs, support the use of evidence-based treatment alternatives, and provide adequate addiction treatment resources. This article describes the history of PMPs, efforts to improve PMP use for clinical decision making, and necessary future steps to optimize the role of PMPs in state prescription drug abuse prevention strategies.