Primary Actinomycosis of the Foot: A Case Report and Literature Review

Actinomycosis is an indolent, slowly progressive, suppurative infection caused by gram-positive branching bacteria of the genus Actinomyces. The organism is a member of the oral and gastrointestinal microflora of humans. The disease actinomycosis most commonly occurs in 3 body regions: cervicofacial (55% of patients), abdominopelvic (20%), and pulmonothoracic (15%). Involvement of other parts of the body is uncommon and usually secondary to a lesion in one or the other of the above sites. Extremity disease can occur by secondary involvement through direct extension or hematogenous spread. However, primary actinomycosis of an extremity is very rare. A case of primary actinomycosis of the foot in a Hispanic male and a literature review with an emphasis on primary actinomycosis of the extremity are presented in this article.