Pediatric systemic lupus erythematosus presenting with coronary arteritis: A case series and review of the literature

ObjectivePediatric-onset systemic lupus erythematosus (pSLE) is typically more aggressive in presentation than adult-onset lupus. Presenting manifestations of lupus in children and adults involve similar organ systems, with renal and neuropsychiatric involvement more common in pSLE. Cardiac manifestations are similar in the 2 groups, with pericarditis accounting for the majority of cardiac lupus at presentation. There are no reports to our knowledge of coronary arteritis as a presenting feature of pSLE.MethodsThis is a retrospective case series describing 4 pediatric lupus patients who presented with prominent coronary artery dilatation and a review of the literature regarding coronary artery involvement in lupus.ResultsCoronary arteritis appears to be a more common feature of pSLE than previously thought. Based on our experience, coronary artery changes tend to resolve once the SLE is treated.ConclusionsEarly recognition of this disease manifestation may guide therapy and result in improved long-term cardiovascular outcomes.