The role of Rho-kinases in ameloblast differentiation

Tooth morphogenesis and differentiation of dental cells are governed by interactions between epithelial and mesenchymal cells. During these processes, ameloblasts, which form enamel, undergo marked changes in their morphology and polarity, accompanied by dynamic cytoskeletal reorganization. Rho-associated coiled coil-containing protein kinase (ROCK), an effector molecule of the small G-protein RhoA, has been shown to control a wide range of cellular functions, including migration, proliferation, contraction, and apoptosis. In addition to these effects, ROCK acts as a regulator of the actin cytoskeleton. In contrast to these characterized functions, the role played by ROCK during ameloblast differentiation is not well understood. This review focuses on our current understanding of ROCK, and offers insights into its functional roles during ameloblast differentiation gleaned from our recent studies.