Integrated, Step-Wise, Mass-Isotopomeric Flux Analysis of the TCA Cycle

• LC-MS/MS positional 13C-enrichment for steady-state and dynamic flux analysis
• Intersecting metabolic fluxes are disentangled by deciphering citrate isotopomers
• Comprehensive precursor/product positional 13C-label transfer analysis
• Quantitative mitochondrial oxidative, anaplerotic, cycling, and exchange rates

SummaryMass isotopomer multi-ordinate spectral analysis (MIMOSA) is a step-wise flux analysis platform to measure discrete glycolytic and mitochondrial metabolic rates. Importantly, direct citrate synthesis rates were obtained by deconvolving the mass spectra generated from [U-13C6]-D-glucose labeling for position-specific enrichments of mitochondrial acetyl-CoA, oxaloacetate, and citrate. Comprehensive steady-state and dynamic analyses of key metabolic rates (pyruvate dehydrogenase, β-oxidation, pyruvate carboxylase, isocitrate dehydrogenase, and PEP/pyruvate cycling) were calculated from the position-specific transfer of 13C from sequential precursors to their products. Important limitations of previous techniques were identified. In INS-1 cells, citrate synthase rates correlated with both insulin secretion and oxygen consumption. Pyruvate carboxylase rates were substantially lower than previously reported but showed the highest fold change in response to glucose stimulation. In conclusion, MIMOSA measures key metabolic rates from the precursor/product position-specific transfer of 13C-label between metabolites and has broad applicability to any glucose-oxidizing cell.

Graphical AbstractFigure optionsDownload high-quality image (235 K)Download as PowerPoint slide