Induction of Leptin Resistance by Activation of cAMP-Epac Signaling

SummaryLeptin regulates energy balance and glucose homeostasis. Shortly after leptin was identified, it was established that obesity is commonly associated with leptin resistance, though the molecular mechanisms remain to be identified. To explore potential mechanisms of leptin resistance, we employed organotypic brain slices to identify candidate signaling pathways that negatively regulate leptin sensitivity. We found that elevation of adenosine 3′, 5′-monophosphate (cAMP) levels impairs multiple signaling cascades activated by leptin within the hypothalamus. Notably, this effect is independent of protein kinase A activation. In contrast, activation of Epac, a cAMP-regulated guanine nucleotide exchange factor for the small G protein Rap1, was sufficient to impair leptin signaling with concomitant induction of SOCS-3 expression. Epac activation also blunted leptin-induced depolarization of hypothalamic POMC neurons. Finally, central infusion of an Epac activator blunted the anorexigenic actions of leptin. Thus, activation of hypothalamic cAMP-Epac pathway is sufficient to induce multiple indices of leptin resistance.

► Organotypic brain slices can be used as a model for studies of hypothalamic leptin signaling
► Cyclic AMP, and activation of its downstream target, Epac, impair hypothalamic leptin signaling
► Activation of Epac desensitizes hypothalamic POMC neurons to leptin
► Activation of brain Epac-Rap1 pathway causes central leptin resistance in vivo