Fetuin-A and atherosclerotic calcified plaque in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Fetuin-A is a multifunctional circulating glycoprotein. Among its roles, inhibition of ectopic calcification is a prominent feature. Low fetuin-A levels in dialysis patients are associated with cardiovascular mortality, possibly via accelerating vascular calcification. However, except for dialyzed conditions, a correlation between fetuin-A levels and vascular calcification remains controversial. Furthermore, any inhibitory effect of fetuin-A on atherosclerotic calcified plaques (CPs) remains unclear compared with its effect on medial artery calcification that is often found in dialyzed patients. Therefore, we examined the association between fetuin-A levels and atherosclerotic CPs. For this study, 416 consecutive patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and without renal dysfunction were examined. We measured serum fetuin-A levels and investigated for the presence of CP in the common carotid and femoral arteries using ultrasonography. Fetuin-A levels were significantly lower in patients with CP than those without CP (262.6 ± 56.7 and 281.5 ± 64.6 μg/mL, respectively; P = .001). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that fetuin-A levels were inversely associated with the presence of CP (odds ratio = 0.753; 95% confidence interval, 0.608-0.933; P = .010). These results suggest that fetuin-A may inhibit the calcification of atherosclerotic plaques independently of the dialyzed condition.