Heterogeneidad de las subfracciones de las lipoproteínas de baja densidad

Heterogeneity in the size and density of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) particles has given rise to definition of two phenotypes: phenotype A is characterized by large, buoyant LDL particles and phenotype B by a predominance of small, dense LDL particles. There is also an intermediate phenotype, phenotype AB. Several studies have shown that phenotype B is highly atherogenic since small, dense LDL particles have a greater ability to penetrate into the arterial wall and show low affinity for the LDL receptor and low resistance to oxidative stress. Determination of these particles, or of the size of LDL, would be an interesting but complex task. Because methods have not been standardized and clinical studies are inconsistent, measurement of small, dense LDL particles cannot currently be recommended for use in daily clinical practice.