Gastrointestinal Complications After Stage I Norwood Versus Hybrid Procedures

Gastrointestinal complications are common after initial palliation of patients with hypoplastic left heart syndrome. Preoperative and perioperative factors play a significant role. Despite a more “limited” intervention, patients undergoing hybrid procedures remain at high risk for feeding issues, commonly leading to a prolonged hospital course. Close attention and proactive management are essential to optimize the nutritional status in these patients.