Serum osteoprotegerin levels and long-term prognosis in patients with stable angina pectoris

ObjectivesOsteoprotegerin (OPG) is a member of the tumor necrosis factor superfamily with pleiotropic effects on bone metabolism, endocrine function and the immune system. Circulating OPG levels are elevated in cardiovascular disease (CVD). We assessed serum OPG as predictor of long-term prognosis in patients with suspected stable angina pectoris (SAP) undergoing elective coronary angiography.MethodsSamples were obtained from 1025 patients (median [25th, 75th percentile] age 62 [54, 70] years, 71.9% men). At inclusion, 43.2% of patients had single or double vessel disease, whereas 34.3% had triple vessel disease.ResultsDuring a median follow-up of 73 months, 11.0% of patients died, 5.9% died from CVD and 10.0% experienced an acute myocardial infarction (MI). In univariable analyses, strong associations were observed between OPG concentrations and all-cause mortality, CVD mortality and the incidence of MI (fatal or nonfatal). However, adjustment for conventional risk factors attenuated the risk estimates which were no longer significant, except for the subgroup with levels above the 90th percentile. For decile 10 versus deciles 1–9 of serum OPG, the following multivariable hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) were observed: All-cause mortality: 1.94 (1.18, 3.18), p = 0.01; CVD mortality: 2.29 (1.16, 4.49), p = 0.02; and MI: 1.76 (1.02, 3.06), p = 0.04.ConclusionIn patients with SAP, elevated serum OPG is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, CVD mortality and MI, but independent effects are mainly confined to levels above the 90th percentile.