Late Restenosis After Paclitaxel-Coated Balloon Angioplasty Occurs in Patients With Drug-Eluting Stent Restenosis

BackgroundThere are currently inadequate data on whether “late restenosis” occurs after paclitaxel-coated balloon (PCB) angioplasty for in-stent restenosis (ISR) lesions.ObjectivesTo evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of PCB angioplasty, we investigated serial clinical and angiographic outcomes after PCB angioplasty for ISR lesions.MethodsBetween September 2008 and December 2012, PCB angioplasty was performed in 468 patients with 550 ISR lesions (bare-metal stent restenosis [BMS-ISR]: 114 lesions, drug-eluting stent restenosis [DES-ISR]: 436 lesions). Two serial angiographic follow-ups were routinely planned for the patients (at 6 and 18 months after the procedure).ResultsEarly follow-up (6 months) angiography was performed for 488 lesions (89%), and recurrent restenosis occurred in 13 lesions (13.0%) in the BMS-ISR group and in 82 lesions (21.1%) in the DES-ISR group. Target lesion revascularization was performed for 7 lesions (7.0%) in the BMS-ISR group and 54 lesions (13.9%) in the DES-ISR group. Late follow-up (18 months) angiography was performed for 377 (88%) of the remaining 427 lesions (excluding target lesion revascularization lesions), and late restenosis was found in 2 lesions (2.5%) in the BMS-ISR group and 50 lesions (16.8%) in the DES-ISR group. Delayed late lumen loss was significantly larger in the DES-ISR group. Previous stent size ≤2.5 mm, percentage diameter stenosis after the procedure, and in-stent occlusion lesion were independent predictors of early restenosis. DES-ISR, percentage diameter stenosis at early follow-up, and hemodialysis were independent predictors of late restenosis.ConclusionsLate restenosis occurs after PCB angioplasty for DES-ISR lesions.