Clinical characteristics of hemodialysis patients with atrial fibrillation: The RAKUEN (Registry of atrial fibrillation in chronic kidney disease under hemodialysis from Niigata) study

BackgroundClinical characteristics, management, and outcomes in hemodialysis patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) remain unclear.Methods and resultsWe studied 423 Japanese patients undergoing maintenance hemodialysis (age 65.2 ± 12.4 years, male 70%, mean duration of hemodialysis 139 ± 124 months). AF was present in 19% (n = 82) and was independently related to increased age (odds ratio 1.070, 95% confidence interval 1.043–1.098), longer hemodialysis duration (odds ratio 1.006, 95% confidence interval 1.004–1.008), and congestive heart failure (odds ratio 2.749, 95% confidence interval 1.546–4.891). During observations lasting a mean of 36 months, the incidences of all-cause death, cardiovascular death, and major bleeding, in particular gastrointestinal bleeding, were significantly higher in the AF (n = 82) than the non-AF (n = 341) patients (p < 0.001, p = 0.004, p = 0.002, p = 0.027, respectively), but the incidence of ischemic stroke/systemic embolism was similar in the AF and non-AF patients. AF was independently associated with all-cause death (hazard ratio 1.728, 95% confidence interval 1.123–2.660) and major bleeding (hazard ratio 1.984, 95% confidence interval 1.010–3.896). Warfarin was prescribed in 33% of the AF patients, but the rates of all-cause death, ischemic stroke, and major bleeding during the study period were not significantly different between warfarin (n = 27) and non-warfarin (n = 55) groups.ConclusionsIn our hemodialysis patients, AF was a common comorbidity and was independently associated with all-cause death and major bleeding, but not with increased risk of ischemic stroke.