Stem-cell therapy in an experimental model of pulmonary hypertension and right heart failure: Role of paracrine and neurohormonal milieu in the remodeling process

SC engrafted in the lung, heart and skeletal muscle modulated the pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokine milieu, and produced a positive neurohormonal response. This was accompanied by positive cardiac and pulmonary vascular remodeling, with formation mainly of new vascular cells.