Early echocardiography abnormalities in obese children and adolescent and reversibility of these abnormalities after significant weight reduction

BackgroundObesity is becoming an epidemic threat for the individual and society. The increasing prevalence of overweight children and adolescents is likely to have a great impact on the future cardiovascular health of these subjects. Obesity is a strong risk factor for cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Cardiac abnormalities of obese children and adolescents include the echocardiographically revealed early and preclinical LV or septal hypertrophy, and left or right ventricular dysfunction. Most of these abnormalities, which are usually more pronounced in patients with morbid obesity, can be partially reversed after weight reduction.Aim of the studyEvaluate early echocardiography changes in obese children and whether these cardiac abnormalities reverse with significant weight reduction in children and adolescents or not.MethodsWe started this study by 50 obese children and adolescents and 30 non obese controls matched for age and sex. BMI was calculated. Complete echocardiographic study was performed on each patient and control subject. Hematological and biochemical variables were determined in the obese subjects from fasting blood samples and included glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides (TG), HDL cholesterol and LDL cholesterol. All our patients’ strict dietetic regime with exercises for 6 months. After 6 months full examination, including all measurements and echocardiography and laboratory investigations were done again.ResultsObese children has abnormalities of left ventricle structure and function (consisting of increased left ventricular wall dimensions and mass and alteration of diastolic function) that can be detected by echocardiography. Furthermore, (parameters of lipid metabolism) were found to be independent predictors of adverse LV remodeling and of diastolic dysfunction. As well as this study provides evidence that abnormalities of left ventricular wall dimension and mass in obese children and adolescents can improve with significant weight reduction.ConclusionThis study has demonstrated that young, obese children and adolescents have early significant changes in left ventricular wall dimensions and early diastolic filling compared with non obese and this changes are reversible with weight reduction.