Human Immunodeficiency Virus-Associated Peripheral Neuropathies

Peripheral neuropathy has emerged as the most common neurologic complication of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. It will continue to play an important role in HIV infection given the fact that HIV-infected individuals are living longer, are at risk of long-term metabolic complications, and face an increasing exposure to potentially neurotoxic antiretroviral drugs. We review the various types of peripheral neuropathy that have been associated with HIV infection, including distal symmetrical polyneuropathy, toxic neuropathy from antiretroviral drugs, diffuse infiltrative lymphocytosis syndrome, inflammatory demyelinating polyneuropathies, multifocal mononeuropathies, and progressive polyradiculopathy.