Modulation of erythrocyte sensitivity to oxidative stress by transient hyperhomocysteinemia in healthy subjects and in patients with coronary artery disease

BackgroundThe pathobiological mechanisms by which Hcy can promote atherothrombosis are not completely understood. Many observations suggest that oxidative consequences of hyperhomocysteinemia have a distinct role in the development of occlusive vascular disease. The aim of this work was to investigate whether sensitivity of erythrocytes to chemically induced oxidative stress in both healthy subjects and patients with clinically ascertained atherosclerosis was modified during the transient increase in homocysteine driven by methionine load.MethodsErythrocyte sensitivity to oxidative stress during transient hyperhomocysteinemia was assessed by cumene hydroperoxide-induced α-tocopherol consumption before and after methionine load in 31 healthy subjects and 23 patients with coronary artery disease.ResultsDecreased sensitivity to oxidative challenge (“Type-1” response) after methionine load was more frequent in healthy subjects (35% vs 13% in patients), while increased sensitivity (“Type-2” response) was more frequent in patients (22% vs 6% in healthy subjects). No variation in sensitivity to oxidative challenge throughout the loading test (“Non-variant” response) was detected in either group (58% in healthy subjects and 65% in patients). The distribution of these responses was significantly different between healthy subjects and patients and independent of basal and post-load increase in homocysteine. Plasma lipoperoxides, erythrocyte α-tocopherol and glutathione content before methionine load were significantly different between patients and healthy subjects; however only the redox potential of the GSSG/GSH couple was significantly different in the different groups of response.ConclusionsThe higher frequency of “Type-2” response in patients with respect to healthy subjects suggests that methionine load reveals individual factors that may contribute to the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis.