The action of Lonomin V (Lonomia achelous) on fibronectin functional properties

Lonomia achelous caterpillar, Lepidoptera distributed along some South American countries, induces a hemorrhagic syndrome in people who come into contact with its bristles. A clinical characteristic in these patients is that fresh healed wounds are re-opened and bleed. In order to explain this symptomatology, we evaluated the effect of Lonomin V (a protein isolated from L. achelous hemolymph), on some functional properties of fibronectin, which in turn plays an important role in the hemostasis. The effect of Lonomin V on fibronectin was studied by SDS-PAGE in reduced condition, binding to gelatin and heparin, crosslinking to fibrin and platelet adhesion. Formation of degradation products of 120, 66, 50, 40 and 29 kDa, some of which retain affinity to heparin and gelatin were observed; however, the fibronectin degradation fragments presented a significant decrease of crosslinking capacity to fibrin and platelet adhesion, suggesting that the proteolysis of fibronectin by Lonomin V induces changes in its crosslinking sites and on platelet receptors. These findings might partially explain the wound dehiscence observed in the patients. Due to its effect on adhesive proteins with concomitant impairment of some functional properties, Lonomin V might be useful for cellular adhesion studies involved in hemostasis such as platelet adhesion.