Differences in TMS-evoked responses between schizophrenia patients and healthy controls can be observed without a dedicated EEG system

ObjectiveThe combination of transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) and electroencephalography (EEG) has been hampered by the large artifact that the TMS generates in the EEG. Using TMS with EEG necessitates a sophisticated artifact-resistant EEG system that can acquire reliable signals in the crucial several tens of milliseconds immediately following the TMS pulse. Here, we demonstrate the use of a novel artifact removal algorithm together with a 24-bit EEG system to achieve similar recordings as those obtained with the dedicated TMS-compatible EEG system.MethodsThis setup was used to compare TMS-evoked responses between a group of healthy controls and a group of patients with schizophrenia, a condition in which effective neural connectivity is thought to be compromised.ResultsWe observe differences in TMS-evoked responses between the two groups, similar to those recently reported in a study that used a dedicated TMS-compatible EEG system.ConclusionsThe standard 24-bit EEG system combined with an artifact removal algorithm produces results similar to the dedicated TMS-compatible system.SignificanceThis paves the way for more researchers and clinicians to use TMS-evoked responses for research and diagnosis of a wide spectrum of disorders.