The effect of coordination mode on use-dependent plasticity

ObjectiveTo evaluate the role of coordination mode on the generation of use-dependent plasticity (UDP) within the primary motor cortex (M1).MethodsTen healthy volunteers performed brisk repetitive thumb movements for 30 min in the opposite direction to those evoked by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) prior to training. This practice was synchronized or syncopated with a 1 Hz auditory metronome in two separate sessions. Motor evoked potentials (MEPs) were recorded from 3 intrinsic thumb muscles, to assess changes in corticomotor excitability.ResultsBoth synchronized and syncopated motor practice induced changes in the direction of TMS-evoked thumb movements, away from the baseline direction toward the trained direction. MEP amplitude increased following synchronized, but not syncopated, motor practice. Changes in movement direction and corticomotor excitability lasted for at least 30 minutes.ConclusionsUDP can be elicited in the presence or absence of changes in corticomotor excitability.SignificanceMotor practice that is synchronized with external pacing may promote UDP and facilitate corticomotor excitability in patient populations with reduced corticomotor output, such as stroke. Training that is syncopated with external pacing may promote UDP without increasing corticomotor excitability. This could be relevant for individuals with disorders characterized by maladaptive plasticity.