Oxytocin-secreting system: A major part of the neuroendocrine center regulating immunologic activity

• Oxytocin-secreting system is an important component of neuroendocrinoimmunology.
• The oxytocin and immune systems constitute a network regulating immune activity.
• The oxytocin system is a major part of the center of immune–neuroendocrine network.
• Modulating brain oxytocin release has great potential to treat immunologic diseases.

Interactions between the nervous system and immune system have been studied extensively. However, the mechanisms underlying the neural regulation of immune activity, particularly the neuroendocrine regulation of immunologic functions, remain elusive. In this review, we provide a comprehensive examination of current evidence on interactions between the immune system and hypothalamic oxytocin-secreting system. We highlight the fact that oxytocin may have significant effects in the body, beyond its classical functions in lactation and parturition. Similar to the hypothalamo–pituitary–adrenal axis, the oxytocin-secreting system closely interacts with classical immune system, integrating both neurochemical and immunologic signals in the central nervous system and in turn affects immunologic defense, homeostasis, and surveillance. Lastly, this review explores therapeutic potentials of oxytocin in treating immunologic disorders.