Inflammatory bowel disease

Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) encompass ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, and indeterminate colitis, all of which are characterized by remission and exacerbation of gastrointestinal symptoms, and a variety of extraintestinal manifestations including those affecting the oral cavity. Although not particularly a cause for mortality, inflammatory bowel diseases are associated with significant morbidity and impact on the quality of life. This article reviews clinical presentation, diagnostic criteria, and therapeutic modalities for the 2 main types of inflammatory bowel disease and discusses manifestations of these conditions in the oral cavity. The role of the oral health care provider in timely recognition and referral for medical work-up as well as management of oral complaints is also emphasized.