Oral Kaposi sarcoma: a case of immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome

Wider use of highly active antiretroviral treatment (HAART) for human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1)–infected patients has significantly altered the pattern of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)–related clinical signs and symptoms and has revolutionized the therapeutic modalities for these patients. Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is a paradox of clinical worsening of opportunistic infections in the context of response to HAART and immunological recovery. Here we present a case of oral IRIS-related Kaposi sarcoma (KS) that appeared in an advanced HIV-1–infected patient introduced to HAART and was treated by surgical removal and antiretroviral therapy.