Evaluation of peri-implant tissue response according to the presence of keratinized mucosa

ObjectivesThe purpose of this study was to evaluate the responses of peri-implant tissue in the presence of keratinized mucosa.Study designA total of 276 implants were placed in 100 patients. From the time of implant placement, the average follow-up observation period was 13 months. The width of keratinized mucosa was compared and evaluated through the gingival inflammation index (GI), plaque index (PI), the pocket depth, mucosal recession, and marginal bone resorption.ResultsThe GI, PI, and pocket depth in the presence or absence of the keratinized gingiva did not show statistically significant differences. However, mucosal recession and marginal bone resorption experienced statistically significant increases in the group of deficient keratinized mucosa. Based on implant surface treatments, the width of keratinized gingiva and crestal bone loss did not show a significant difference.ConclusionIn cases with insufficient keratinized gingiva in the vicinity of implants, the insufficiency does not necessarily mediate adverse effects on the hygiene management and soft tissue health condition. Nonetheless, the risk of the increase of gingival recession and the crestal bone loss is present. Therefore, it is thought that from the aspect of long-term maintenance and management, as well as for the area requiring esthetics, the presence of an appropriate amount of keratinized gingiva is required.