Four hours of daily contact with sexually active males is sufficient to induce fertile ovulation in anestrous goats

The study was conducted on two consecutive years to determine whether ovulatory activity can be induced in anovulatory goats by exposing them to sexually active bucks for 4, 8, 12 or 16 h per day during 15 consecutive days. In experiment 1, females remained continuously in the experimental pens where they were in contact with males. One group remained isolated from males (controls) and four other groups were exposed to sexually active males for 4, 8, 12 or 16 h per day. In experiment 2, females were taken away to “resting” pens free of male odours between the periods of contact with bucks. They were allocated to 5 groups as in experiment 1. Ovulations were determined by progesterone plasma levels and transrectal ultrasonography. Pregnancy was determined by abdominal ultrasonography. In both experiments, more than 90% of females exposed to the bucks had at least one ovulation during the whole experiment whereas only 11 or 0% (experiments 1 and 2, respectively) did so in the control group (P < 0.001). Furthermore, the proportion of females ovulating did not differ among groups depending on duration of contact with bucks (P > 0.05). In both experiments, pregnancy rates were not affected by the daily duration of contact with males (P > 0.05). To conclude, 4 h of daily contact with sexually active males is sufficient to stimulate ovulatory activity in anovulatory goats and this effect is not due to the presence of olfactory cues from the males remaining in the pens.