کد مقاله کد نشریه سال انتشار مقاله انگلیسی نسخه تمام متن
3254838 1589313 2006 16 صفحه PDF دانلود رایگان
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Epidemiology of gallbladder stone disease
موضوعات مرتبط
علوم پزشکی و سلامت پزشکی و دندانپزشکی غدد درون ریز، دیابت و متابولیسم
پیش نمایش صفحه اول مقاله
Epidemiology of gallbladder stone disease
چکیده انگلیسی

Gallstone disease is common: >700,000 cholecystectomies and costs of ∼$6.5 billion annually in the U.S. The burden of disease is epidemic in American Indians (60–70%); a corresponding decrease occurs in Hispanics of mixed Indian origin. Ten to fifteen per cent of white adults in developed countries harbour gallstones. Frequency is further reduced in Black Americans, East Asia and sub-Saharan Africa. In developed countries, cholesterol gallstones predominate; 15% are black pigment. East Asians develop brown pigment stones in bile ducts, associated with biliary infection or parasites, or in intrahepatic ducts (hepatolithiasis). Certain risk factors for gallstones are immutable: female gender, increasing age and ethnicity/family (genetic traits). Others are modifiable: obesity, the metabolic syndrome, rapid weight loss, certain diseases (cirrhosis, Crohn's disease) and gallbladder stasis (from spinal cord injury or drugs like somatostatin). The only established dietary risk is a high caloric intake. Protective factors include diets containing fibre, vegetable protein, nuts, calcium, vitamin C, coffee and alcohol, plus physical activity.

ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Best Practice & Research Clinical Gastroenterology - Volume 20, Issue 6, 2006, Pages 981–996
نویسندگان
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