کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
3268004 | 1589549 | 2009 | 16 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Thyroid-Associated Orbitopathy: Who and How to Treat
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موضوعات مرتبط
علوم پزشکی و سلامت
پزشکی و دندانپزشکی
غدد درون ریز، دیابت و متابولیسم
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چکیده انگلیسی
Thyroid-associated orbitopathy is the most frequent and troublesome nonthyroidal complication of Graves' disease. It is mandatory to determine whether sight-threatening orbitopathy is present, as this requires prompt and aggressive treatment. Therapies for non-sight-threatening disease range from supportive measures only to medical therapies for active eye disease and surgical rehabilitation for burnt-out disease. Intravenous steroids and orbital radiotherapy are the mainstays of medical therapy. Rehabilitative surgery is frequently a staged process that may involve sequentially: orbital decompression, strabismus surgery, and eyelid procedures. Smoking cessation is recommended at all disease stages. Treatment within a multidisciplinary team consisting of both endocrinologists and ophthalmologists may lead to optimal patient outcomes.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - Volume 38, Issue 2, June 2009, Pages 373-388
Journal: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - Volume 38, Issue 2, June 2009, Pages 373-388
نویسندگان
Jane MBChB, FRCP, FRCOphth, Petros MBBS, MD, FRCP,