کد مقاله | کد نشریه | سال انتشار | مقاله انگلیسی | نسخه تمام متن |
---|---|---|---|---|
3268157 | 1589557 | 2007 | 23 صفحه PDF | دانلود رایگان |
عنوان انگلیسی مقاله ISI
Gynecomastia
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موضوعات مرتبط
علوم پزشکی و سلامت
پزشکی و دندانپزشکی
غدد درون ریز، دیابت و متابولیسم
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چکیده انگلیسی
Gynecomastia is common and may be asymptomatic. In most cases, a thorough history and physical examination, along with limited laboratory investigations, can help to exclude breast malignancy and serious underlying endocrine or systemic disease. Careful clinical observation may be all that is required in many cases, because gynecomastia often resolves spontaneously. Because gynecomastia is usually caused by an imbalance of androgenic and estrogenic effects on the breast, medical therapy may include antiestrogens, androgens, or aromatase inhibitors. Surgery is useful in the management of patients with long-standing symptomatic gynecomastia or when medical therapy is not successful.
ناشر
Database: Elsevier - ScienceDirect (ساینس دایرکت)
Journal: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - Volume 36, Issue 2, June 2007, Pages 497-519
Journal: Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinics of North America - Volume 36, Issue 2, June 2007, Pages 497-519
نویسندگان
Harmeet Singh MD, Harold E. MD,