Current clinical status and complications among type 2 diabetic patients in Universiti Sains Malaysia hospital

ObjectiveTo identify current clinical status of type 2 diabetic outpatients and to determine the prevalence of diabetic complications and risk factors.Material and methodProspective cross-sectional study design was used in the data collection process. The study sample consists of 1077 type 2 Diabetes Mellitus outpatients who fit the inclusion criteria. All the patients were recruited from the diabetic outpatient clinics from Hospital Universiti Sains Malaysia (HUSM). The study period was from January till December 2007. Demographic data, clinical status of diabetes and its complications were collected and analyzed for the prevalence of complications and risk factors.ResultsOne thousand and seventy seven type 2 diabetes outpatients were included in the present study. Mean age was 58.3 years and duration of diabetes was 11 years. Only 23.4% of the subjects achieved HbA1c of ⩽7%, 53.5% of patients had achieved target FPG ⩽6.7 mmol/l, and 60.4% of the patients had achieved optimal postprandial plasma glucose level <10 mmol/l. The overall prevalence of dyslipidaemia was 93.7%, hypertension was 92.7% and obesity was 81.5%. Nephropathy was the most common complication accounting for 91.0% followed by neuropathy 54.4%, retinopathy 39.3%, and macrovascular complications 17.5%. The vascular complications were significantly associated with the age (P < 0.001), BMI (P < 0.001), and triglyceride (P < 0.001).ConclusionThe prevalence of dyslipidaemia, hypertension and obesity were high. The high prevalence of vascular complications was associated with age, BMI and triglyceride of diabetic patients. Effort to treat triglyceride appropriately among elderly diabetic patients could be considered as a prime target.