Systematic Review: Patterns of Reflux-Induced Symptoms and Esophageal Endoscopic Findings in Large-Scale Surveys

The prevalence of reflux esophagitis is higher in Sweden and Italy than in China, Korea, and Japan, but is within the range reported in Taiwan. Hiatus hernia and ESEM are generally more prevalent in Europe than in Asia. A considerable proportion of individuals without symptom-defined GERD has reflux esophagitis or ESEM.