Factors associated with methadone treatment among injection drug users in Bangkok, Thailand

Little is known about the characteristics of injection drug users (IDU) who take methadone treatment in Thailand. We examined prevalence and correlates of methadone treatment among a community-recruited sample of IDU in Bangkok, Thailand. Among 273 participants, 143 (52.4%) reported accessing methadone treatment within the previous 6 months. Older age (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.90, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.10–3.30) and more than weekly midazolam injection (AOR = 1.85, 95% CI = 1.04–3.29) were positively associated, whereas alcohol use (AOR = 0.34, 95% CI = 0.18–0.63) and noninjection methamphetamine use (AOR = 0.49, 95% CI = 0.29–0.85) were negatively associated with methadone treatment. In subanalyses, 98.6% of IDU on methadone continued to inject drugs, and the most common reason for stopping methadone was becoming incarcerated (49%). Evidence-based addiction treatment in the form of methadone maintenance therapy, with attention paid to concomitant midazolam injection in this setting, should be implemented.