Longevity and aging, genetic and post-genetic mechanisms. Which target to choose for postponing and treating age-related diseases

Data accumulated rapidly over the last decades on genes involved in regulating longevity in several animal models, from yeast to mice. Extrapolation to humans is however a risky enterprise for reasons to be discussed. Aging, age-dependent decline of functions appear however to be independently regulated mainly by post-genetic mechanisms. Little is known on the interactions between genetic and post-genetic processes. A few examples will be discussed, essentially in relation with the Maillard reaction. Age-related diseases, cardiovascular, respiratory, osteo-articular, increase in frequency and severity with age as do also age-related dementias. It is tempting to speculate on the relationship between the mechanisms of longevity, aging and the onset and evolution of these diseases. A better understanding of such relations might accelerate the elaboration of preventive measures and possibly also curative interventions.