Survival and prognostic factors of systemic lupus erythematosus-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis

ObjectiveThis study aims to evaluate the survival of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)-associated pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) by a systematic review and meta-analysis.MethodsStudies were searched from MEDLINE (OVID), EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trial and Scopus databases, and were selected according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two independent reviewers extracted data from selected studies. Quality assessments were also performed using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. All pooled analyses were conducted both for random-effects model and fixed-effects model. Subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were conducted to investigate the origins of heterogeneity. Publication bias was evaluated using Begg’s funnel plots and Egger’s test.ResultsSix studies encompassing 323 patients with SLE-associated PAH were included in the meta-analysis. The pooled 1-, 3- and 5-year survival rates were 88% (95% CI, 0.80–0.93), 81% (95% CI, 0.67–0.90) and 68% (95% CI, 0.52–0.80), respectively. No significant publication bias was shown. WHO Functional class (Fc) III/IV was found to be an independent prognostic factor of mortality. Higher mean pulmonary arterial pressure (mPAP), higher pulmonary vascular resistance (PVR), lower six minutes walking distance (6MWD), higher brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and higher N-terminal proBNP (NT-proBNP) level were also related to poor survival.ConclusionThe long-term survival of patients with SLE-associated PAH is poor, which is worth paying greater clinical and academic attention. This study suggested that early diagnosis and management are recommended in patients with SLE-associated PAH for a better outcome of survival.