Evaluation of the association of serum levels of hyaluronic acid, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and VEGF-A with mortality and prognosis in patients with Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever

BackgroundCrimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever (CCHF) is a tick-borne viral hemorrhagic disease. Pathogenesis of the disease has not been well described yet. A well-known pathogenic feature of CCHF virus is its capability to damage endothelium. Increased hyaluronic acid (HA) levels indicate liver sinusoidal endothelial damage. Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), soluble vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1) and vascular endothelial growth factor-A (VEGF-A) play a role in the inflammatory process, vascular damage and plasma leakage.ObjectivesTo investigate whether or not there is a relationship between HA, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1 and VEGF-A serum levels and fatality in CCHF.Study designSixty-one patients who were confirmed by RT-PCR and serological tests for CCHF, included in the current study. HA, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, VEGF-A levels in serum samples were analyzed by ELISA.ResultsThere were statistically significant differences between fatal and non-fatal CCHF patients in terms of HA, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and VEGF-A levels. In addition, AST and ALT levels were positively correlated with HA, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and VEGF-A levels.ConclusionHA, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, and VEGF-A levels of the patients that died during hospitalization were statistically significantly higher than the patients that survived, and this finding suggests that the level of these molecules could be used as a prognostic marker in CCHF.