A comparison of the effectiveness of zanamivir and oseltamivir for the treatment of influenza A and B

SummaryObjectiveTo compare the effectiveness of zanamivir with oseltamivir for influenza A and B.Methods1113 patients with influenza A or B were enrolled in the 2006–2007 influenza season. The duration of fever (temperature, ≧37.5 °C) and the percentage of patients afebrile at 24 and 48 h after the first dose of zanamivir or oseltamivir were calculated. Virus persistence after zanamivir therapy was also evaluated.ResultsThere were marginally significant differences between the duration of fever after the first dose of zanamivir (31.8 ± 18.4 h) and oseltamivir (35.5 ± 23.9 h) for influenza A (p < 0.05). The duration of fever after starting zanamivir therapy (35.8 ± 22.4 h) was significantly shorter than that of oseltamivir (52.7 ± 31.3 h) for influenza B (p < 0.001). There were no significant differences between influenza A and B in the percentage of patients afebrile at 24 or 48 h after the first inhalation of zanamivir. The reisolation rate after zanamivir therapy showed marginally significant differences between influenza A and B (<0.05). By multiple regression analysis, therapy (zanamivir or oseltamivir) was the major determinant affecting the duration of fever for influenza B.ConclusionZanamivir therapy is more effective than oseltamivir for the treatment of influenza B infection.